Contents

  • Cover
  • Front matter
  • Preface
  • Scope, purpose and use
  • 1. Terminology, economic analysis, risk management
    • 1.1 Terminology
    • 1.2 Economic analysis
    • 1.3 Understanding risk
  • 2. Regulations, consents and approvals
    • 2.1 National Environmental Standards for Plantation Forestry (NES-PF)
    • 2.2 Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga
    • 2.3 The Health and Safety at Work Act
    • 2.4 NZ Transport Agency approval for access onto state highways
    • 2.5 District council approval for access onto council roads
  • 3. Planning for roads
    • 3.1 Road classes
    • 3.2 Arterial roads
    • 3.3 Secondary roads
    • 3.4 Spur roads
    • 3.5 Establishment tracks
    • 3.6 Spatial information
    • 3.7 Initial field work
    • 3.8 Manual design method: Stepping out a roadline on a topo
    • 3.9 Running a grade line in the field
    • 3.10 Full road design
    • 3.11 Working with road survey data
    • 3.12 Geometric road design
    • 3.13 Curve widening
    • 3.14 Horizontal alignment
    • 3.15 Vertical alignment
    • 3.16 Calculating the safe stopping distance
    • 3.17 Setting out the roadline
  • 4. Planning for landings
    • 4.1 Common landing layouts
    • 4.2 Landing planning considerations
  • 5. Road and landing construction
    • 5.1 Soil and rock properties
    • 5.2 Managing adverse environmental effects
    • 5.3 Marking clearing widths
    • 5.4 Roadline salvage
    • 5.5 Daylighting
    • 5.6 Road formation
    • 5.7 Drainage control during earthwork construction
    • 5.8 Earthwork machinery
    • 5.9 Estimating machinery production
    • 5.10 Stabilising cut and fill slopes during construction
  • 6. Pavement design, subgrade preparation, pavement construction
    • 6.1 Traffic loading
    • 6.2 Evaluating subgrade properties
    • 6.3 Determining pavement depth
    • 6.4 Pavement material properties
    • 6.5 Compaction of subgrade and pavement
    • 6.6 Compaction equipment
    • 6.7 Pavement construction
    • 6.8 Weak subgrades
    • 6.9 Chemical stabilisation of pavement or subgrade
  • 7. Erosion, sediment and slash control structures
    • 7.1 Ditches
    • 7.2 Cut-outs
    • 7.3 Berms
    • 7.4 Drainage culverts
    • 7.5 Flumes
    • 7.6 Sediment traps and soak holes
    • 7.7 Silt fences
    • 7.8 Sediment retention ponds
    • 7.9 Debris traps
  • 8. River crossings
    • 8.1 Fish passage
    • 8.2 Selecting the location and crossing type
    • 8.3 Fords
    • 8.4 Temporary river crossings
    • 8.5 Single culvert river crossings
    • 8.6 Battery culvert river crossings
    • 8.7 Drift deck river crossings
    • 8.8 Single span bridge river crossings
    • 8.9 Prediction of flood flows, and sizing culverts
  • 9. Road maintenance, repairs and upgrades
    • 9.1 Maintenance programme
    • 9.2 Economic evaluation of road maintenance projects
    • 9.3 Managing maintenance requirements
    • 9.4 Commonly used maintenance machinery
    • 9.5 Road surface maintenance
    • 9.6 Road foundation maintenance
    • 9.7 Landing rehabilitation and decommissioning
    • 9.8 Roadside vegetation maintenance
    • 9.9 Erosion and sediment control structure maintenance
    • 9.10 River crossing maintenance
  • Forest road engineering terminology
  • References
  • Websites, resources, databases

NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual

  1.  ›
  2. Front matter
 

Front matter

© Copyright 2011

All enquiries regarding copyright should be directed to the publishers, The New Zealand Forest Owners Association Incorporated (FOA).

The objective of this Manual is to ensure roads, water crossings and related infrastructure in New Zealand plantation forests are fit for purpose and meet high environmental standards.

The Manual may be copied or downloaded from the FOA website by those who own, manage or work in New Zealand plantation forests, and their advisers.

The Manual may not be republished for sale, or used for promotional or other commercial purposes, without the permission of the publisher and the copyright owner.

NZ Forest Owners Association (Inc)
ForestWood Centre
Level 9, 93 The Terrace, Wellington
PO Box 10986, The Terrace
Wellington 6143
New Zealand

Tel + 64 4 473 4769
Email: Enable JavaScript to view protected content.

ISBN 978-0-473-50660-5 PRINTED
ISBN 978-0-473-50661-2 PDF

February 2012, updated February 2020

Acknowledgements

The FOA thanks all those involved in the revision and publication of the NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual, including:

Brett Gilmore (Project Leader), Glen Mackie and Kelvin Meredith (2012), as well as acknowledging contributions and reviews by Rien Visser, Kristopher Brown and Simon Fairbrother, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, and Peter Weir, Ernslaw One Limited.

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