Contents

  • Cover
  • Front matter
  • Introduction
  • Identifying and managing risk
    • Risk overview
    • Working smart and efficiently
    • Starting the job – be prepared
    • The job is not finished until it is signed-off
  • Basics
    • Roading terms
    • Basics about soil
  • Good construction
    • A well-constructed road
    • A well-constructed landing
  • Earthworks
    • The right machine for the task
    • Clearing and stripping
    • Cut and side cast construction
    • Cut and bench fill construction
    • Full bench construction with end-haul
    • Earthworks compaction
    • Landing construction
    • Forming road corners and in-bends
    • Final grading before metalling
    • Stabilising cut/fill slopes
  • Water control
    • Water control overview
    • Ditches
    • Road drainage culverts
    • Berms and cut-outs
    • Flumes
    • Silt traps and soak holes
    • Silt fences
    • Single culvert river crossings
    • Ford crossings
    • Bridges
  • Applying aggregate (metalling)
  • Repairs and maintenance
    • R&M overview
    • R&M common to new construction
    • R&M of road formation
    • R&M during harvesting operations
    • R&M of river crossings
  • Assisting loggers and harvesting rehab
    • Installing deadmen
    • Installing debris traps
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation (rehab)
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation – cut-outs
    • Landing rehab
  • Want to learn more?
  • Glossary

NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual: Operators Guide

  1.  ›
  2. Water control ›
  3. Ford crossings
 

Ford crossings

Ford crossings can be natural riverbeds or ones with a concrete pad. Fords are generally used on low volume roads to cross broad, shallow rivers and where alternative river crossings are not feasible. Fords can create much more sediment than other types of river crossings. Fords are the least preferred river crossing.

  • A natural ford with low vehicle use
  • The riverbed is hard and stable
  • Clean rock fill was added to strengthen the riverbed
  • Fish passage is not affected
  • Concrete pad ford built on a stable low gradient site
  • The concrete pad extends to medium river flow
  • Crossing meets fish passage rules
  • Natural crossings generate more sediment than concrete pads
  • Sediment comes from tyres in the river and water washing up the road
  • Steep approaches create ongoing sediment problems
  • The pad has concrete aprons
  • There are cut-outs and sediment control on ford approaches
  • Fish passage may not be met when the river is low, as water is spread thinly across the concrete, which is also too smooth for fish to swim across
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