Contents

  • Cover
  • Front matter
  • Introduction
  • Identifying and managing risk
    • Risk overview
    • Working smart and efficiently
    • Starting the job – be prepared
    • The job is not finished until it is signed-off
  • Basics
    • Roading terms
    • Basics about soil
  • Good construction
    • A well-constructed road
    • A well-constructed landing
  • Earthworks
    • The right machine for the task
    • Clearing and stripping
    • Cut and side cast construction
    • Cut and bench fill construction
    • Full bench construction with end-haul
    • Earthworks compaction
    • Landing construction
    • Forming road corners and in-bends
    • Final grading before metalling
    • Stabilising cut/fill slopes
  • Water control
    • Water control overview
    • Ditches
    • Road drainage culverts
    • Berms and cut-outs
    • Flumes
    • Silt traps and soak holes
    • Silt fences
    • Single culvert river crossings
    • Ford crossings
    • Bridges
  • Applying aggregate (metalling)
  • Repairs and maintenance
    • R&M overview
    • R&M common to new construction
    • R&M of road formation
    • R&M during harvesting operations
    • R&M of river crossings
  • Assisting loggers and harvesting rehab
    • Installing deadmen
    • Installing debris traps
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation (rehab)
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation – cut-outs
    • Landing rehab
  • Want to learn more?
  • Glossary

NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual: Operators Guide

  1.  ›
  2. Good construction ›
  3. A well-constructed road
 

A well-constructed road

To build a well-constructed road you need to get the basics right:

  • Always think about managing water, water, water
  • Make cuts and construct fills so they are stable
  • Compact and shape the road so it is strong
  • Make the road’s width, grade and corners suitable for the traffic and terrain.
  • Good roadway salvage width
  • Topsoil, slash and other substandard materials have not been used
  • Stable cut and fill slopes
  • Good construction technique. For example, benched, and fill compacted in layers
  • Well-constructed water control
  • Compacted berms direct water to either cut-outs or sediment traps
  • Grass seed has been applied to stabilise fills and reduce erosion
  • Adequate road width and grade. Wider is not always better. For example, in unstable areas
  • Road has been metalled with good aggregate, at right depth and width
  • Good crossfall
  • Well-compacted road surface
  • Culvert clearly marked, with water directed away from the fill
  • Stable batter slopes
  • Ditch is below subgrade
  • The potential sediment sources have not been properly managed:
    • Little water control. The fill erosion may be due to a lack of culverts, berms or ditches
    • The fill is not contained on a bench, and has spilt up to 40 m down the slope
    • The fill has not been grassed to reduce erosion. It has no vegetation after several years
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