Landings often require large amounts of earthworks. Poor construction can cause major environmental impacts because of the large volumes of material involved.
- Stumps have been moved to a safe location and put in a trench at what will be the toe of the benched fill.
- This ensures rotting stumps and roots do not cause the landing problems in the future.
- Serious tension cracks – the result of poor benching and compaction.
- Water going into the tension cracks will make the fill heavier and more likely to erode or collapse.
- The landing formation has been benched.
- Benches are visible i.e. not covered over with fill.
- Substandard material and vegetation was removed.
- Fill has been compacted in layers.
- Major landing failure caused by poor water control and lack of compaction.
- Slash on the fill made the problem worse.
- Material triggered a debris flow which went onto the neighbour’s land.
- This is a serious environmental incident.
- Landing design was worked into the “lie of the land” while meeting operational requirements.
- The goal was met for maximising useable area but minimising earthworks.
- Stumps and debris were put in a safe location that will not affect harvesting operations.
- Bird’s nest has failed. There was no safe and stable area for loggers to put slash.
- Expensive rehabilitation only partly solves the problem as not all material can be reached by the excavator leaving burning the bird’s nest as a remaining option.
- Drainage is directed away from the fill slopes.
- The landing has fall so that water does not pool and can be controlled.
- The landing surface has been track rolled to help shed water. Roller compaction would have a better result.
- Water has not been directed away from the fill.
- Water has severely scoured the landing edge.
- Fill is compacted. The horizontal ‘ridges’ will help reduce erosion.
- Fill is over-sown.
- Water is draining through the middle of the skid.
- This will cause operational problems during logging.
- Drainage should direct water away from the fill slopes.
- Slash bench was built as part of the planned construction.
- Stumps are located on the bench in a safe location.
- Poor water control has caused heavy scouring at the front of the skid.
- Water should be directed away from large fills.
- Construction includes space for truck turning and vehicle parking.
- A two-stage pad has created extra space to process the wood.
- A poorly constructed landing has failed many years after building.
- Slip sites grow poor trees.
- The landing size is reduced for the next harvest.
- The visual impact will last for years.
- The skid has been built with good access for ground-base harvesting.
- Log corduroy was needed to make the landing accessible to trucks.
- Corduroy is good at strengthening a failed subgrade because the truck’s weight is spread across the logs.