Contents

  • Cover
  • Front matter
  • Introduction
  • Identifying and managing risk
    • Risk overview
    • Working smart and efficiently
    • Starting the job – be prepared
    • The job is not finished until it is signed-off
  • Basics
    • Roading terms
    • Basics about soil
  • Good construction
    • A well-constructed road
    • A well-constructed landing
  • Earthworks
    • The right machine for the task
    • Clearing and stripping
    • Cut and side cast construction
    • Cut and bench fill construction
    • Full bench construction with end-haul
    • Earthworks compaction
    • Landing construction
    • Forming road corners and in-bends
    • Final grading before metalling
    • Stabilising cut/fill slopes
  • Water control
    • Water control overview
    • Ditches
    • Road drainage culverts
    • Berms and cut-outs
    • Flumes
    • Silt traps and soak holes
    • Silt fences
    • Single culvert river crossings
    • Ford crossings
    • Bridges
  • Applying aggregate (metalling)
  • Repairs and maintenance
    • R&M overview
    • R&M common to new construction
    • R&M of road formation
    • R&M during harvesting operations
    • R&M of river crossings
  • Assisting loggers and harvesting rehab
    • Installing deadmen
    • Installing debris traps
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation (rehab)
    • Harvesting track rehabilitation – cut-outs
    • Landing rehab
  • Want to learn more?
  • Glossary

NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual: Operators Guide

  1.  ›
  2. Earthworks ›
  3. Final grading before metalling
 

Final grading before metalling

Getting the final touches right before metalling makes a big difference. The road will be better for traffic, and metalling and maintenance costs can be reduced.

  • The road has a good shape for shedding water
  • Depressions and holes are removed
  • Deep ditches will allow water to drain from both the surface and under the road
  • The formation is not shaped to the final road shape
  • Metal will need to be used to fill in the hollow
  • Metal is expensive and can be in short supply
  • Shaping was done with a grader or tilt bucket
  • Culverts were installed before metalling – the culvert markers are visible
  • Poor formation shape and shallow water tables led to this steep road section failing
  • The failure stopped cartage and caused operational disruption
  • Corduroy with logs or slash is a temporary fix
Prev page Next page
Forest Owners Association

© 2025 New Zealand Forest Owners Association

Website by RS